What is salvia?

Salvia divinorum, often referred to simply as “salvia,” is a psychoactive plant native to Mexico. It contains the potent hallucinogen salvinorin A, which can induce intense psychedelic experiences when consumed or smoked. Salvia divinorum has gained popularity as a recreational drug in some circles, although its use and legality vary widely across different regions.

Is salvia addictive?

Salvia’s unique mechanism of action, targeting kappa opioid receptors in the brain, distinguishes it from other psychedelics that primarily affect the serotonin system, making it a subject of fascination and concern within the scientific community and beyond.

While physical addiction to salvia has not been conclusively proven due to its unique pharmacological profile, the potential for abuse and psychological dependency exists. Salvia abuse can lead to a range of negative effects, from short-term issues such as:

    Increased heart rate

    Confusion
    Disorientation
    Persistent psychosis
    Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD)

Who is most at risk?

Salvia does not typically cause physical addiction in the same way as substances like opioids or nicotine. However, psychological addiction or dependence on the intense experiences it produces may occur in certain individuals, particularly those with a predisposition to substance abuse or addictive behaviours.

People who are most at risk of developing problematic patterns of salvia use include:

    Individuals with a history of substance abuse

    Adolescents and young adults
    Individuals with mental health disorders
    People seeking escapism or spiritual experiences

It’s important to note that while psychological dependence on salvia is possible, it is not as common or well-documented as with other substances. However, anyone considering using salvia should be aware of the potential risks and approach its use with caution. Additionally, seeking support from healthcare professionals or addiction specialists can be beneficial for individuals struggling with substance use issues.

Symptoms of salvia addiction

Although the addictive nature of salvia is still debated, people engaging in frequent use may display various indicators signalling potential issues with their consumption.

Some of these indicators could be:

Physical symptoms

While salvia addiction may not manifest with physical withdrawal symptoms characteristic of substance dependence, repeated use of salvia can lead to certain physical changes in the body.

  • Tolerance: With continued use, individuals may develop a tolerance to salvia, requiring increasingly larger doses to achieve the desired effects. This tolerance can be a sign of escalating use and may indicate the development of a problematic pattern of consumption.
  • Withdrawal-like symptoms: Although not as pronounced as with some other substances, individuals who abruptly cease using salvia after prolonged use may experience mild withdrawal-like symptoms. These symptoms can include irritability, mood swings, and sleep disturbances, reflecting the body’s adjustment to the absence of salvia.
  • Physical health issues: Chronic use of salvia may lead to physical health issues, such as respiratory problems from smoking the plant material or gastrointestinal issues from consuming salvia extracts.

Psychological symptoms

The psychological effects of salvia addiction can be profound and may impact various aspects of an individual’s mental well-being. Some common psychological symptoms of salvia addiction include:

  • Obsessive thoughts: Individuals addicted to salvia may experience obsessive thoughts about obtaining and using the substance. These thoughts can dominate their mental landscape, leading to difficulties in focusing on other aspects of life.
  • Cravings: Intense cravings for salvia, characterised by a strong desire or urge to use the substance, are a hallmark symptom of addiction. Environmental cues or emotional stressors can trigger these cravings and may lead to compulsive drug-seeking behaviour.
  • Psychological distress: Prolonged salvia use can contribute to psychological distress, including anxiety, depression, and paranoia. Individuals may experience heightened levels of anxiety or panic attacks, especially during periods of abstinence or when unable to access salvia.

Behavioural symptoms

The behavioural manifestations of salvia addiction can significantly impact an individual’s daily functioning and relationships. Some common behavioural symptoms of salvia addiction include:

  • Social withdrawal: Individuals addicted to salvia may withdraw from social activities and relationships in favour of using the substance. They may isolate themselves from friends and family members and prioritise salvia use over social interactions.
  • Neglect of responsibilities: Salvia addiction can lead to neglect of responsibilities at work, school, or home. Individuals may experience a decline in academic or work performance, neglect household chores or responsibilities, and struggle to meet obligations.
  • Engaging in risky behaviour: Addiction to salvia may prompt individuals to engage in risky behaviours to obtain or use the substance. This can include driving under the influence of salvia, stealing money or valuables to fund their habit, or putting themselves in dangerous situations to acquire salvia.

Treatment options for salvia addiction

Treating salvia addiction typically involves a blend of therapeutic approaches, community support, and, in some cases, medication to address underlying mental health issues. Here’s an overview of alternative treatment options:

    Behavioural therapies: Behavioural therapies are a cornerstone of addiction treatment and can be effective in addressing salvia addiction. Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is one such approach that focuses on identifying and modifying maladaptive thought patterns and behaviours associated with substance use. CBT can help individuals develop coping strategies, manage cravings, and build skills to resist the urge to use salvia.

    Individual counselling: Individual counselling sessions with a licensed therapist or counsellor can provide personalised support and guidance for individuals struggling with salvia addiction. These sessions may focus on exploring underlying issues contributing to addiction, developing coping skills, and setting achievable goals for recovery. Individual counselling can also address co-occurring mental health issues, such as anxiety or depression, which may exacerbate substance use problems.

    Pharmacotherapy: While there are currently no medications specifically approved for the treatment of salvia addiction, certain medications may be prescribed to manage co-occurring mental health symptoms or address withdrawal symptoms. For example, antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications may be prescribed to help alleviate symptoms of depression or anxiety, which are common among individuals with substance use disorders. Additionally, medications to manage sleep disturbances or other physical symptoms of withdrawal may be utilised as part of a comprehensive treatment plan.

    Holistic approaches: Holistic approaches to addiction treatment, such as mindfulness-based practices, yoga, meditation, and acupuncture, can complement traditional therapies and promote overall well-being during recovery from salvia addiction. These practices focus on addressing the interconnectedness of the mind, body, and spirit and can help individuals develop healthy coping mechanisms, reduce stress, and improve self-awareness.

Next steps

If you or someone you know is struggling with salvia addiction, don’t wait to seek help. Professional assistance is available to support you on your journey towards recovery. Take the first step today by reaching out to addiction specialists or healthcare professionals who can provide personalised treatment options and guidance. Remember, you don’t have to face this challenge alone.

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FAQ’s

Is salvia legal in the UK?
Since 2016, salvia has been illegal to possess, supply, or import for human consumption in the UK. It falls under the classification of a Class A drug according to the Psychoactive Substances Act. Despite this, it remains legal to possess, purchase, and trade salvia plants or seeds for ornamental purposes within the UK.

Is salvia dangerous?
Salvia can be dangerous due to its potent hallucinogenic effects, which can lead to disorientation, confusion, and loss of coordination. Additionally, its use can increase the risk of accidents, injuries, and adverse psychological reactions, particularly in susceptible individuals. Approaching salvia with caution and awareness of its potential risks is crucial.