Acamprosate is a key medication used in the treatment of alcohol dependence, particularly during the detox phase. Alcohol withdrawal symptoms are known for being intensely uncomfortable and, in some cases, dangerous, and they can significantly hinder an individual’s ability to remain sober. Acamprosate, when used as part of a comprehensive treatment programme for alcohol addiction, can greatly alleviate these withdrawal symptoms, make the detox process more manageable and reduce the risk of complications. Its role in helping individuals through the early stages of recovery is crucial, as it not only aids in alcohol detox but also prepares them for the next steps in treatment.
What is Acamprosate?
Acamprosate, known chemically as Acamprosate calcium, is a medication primarily used to support recovery in individuals with alcohol dependence. The medication usually comes in the form of delayed-release tablets, designed to be taken orally three times a day, usually following a meal, to enhance its absorption and effectiveness. Acamprosate concentrations usually take around five to seven days of this dosage to be effective.
Lipha first synthesised Acamprosate and, by 1989, was approved for marketing across Europe. The rights to market the drug in the United States were acquired by Forest Laboratories in 2001, and in 2004, it was approved by the US FDA for use in the treatment of alcohol addiction.
In addition to its use in alcohol detox, Acamprosate has also shown promise in the treatment of fragile X syndrome, a genetic disorder that causes intellectual disability, distinctive physical features and characteristics similar to autism.
Acamprosate is marketed under various brand names, Campral being the most common.
How is Acamprosate used in alcohol detox?
Alcohol withdrawal symptoms are a significant barrier to quitting drinking for many individuals with alcohol dependence. These symptoms can range from mild, such as anxiety and insomnia, to severe, including tremors, seizures and delirium tremens (DTs). The severity and duration of withdrawal symptoms can vary based on the individual’s history of alcohol use, including the amount and frequency of consumption.
Acamprosate is used in alcohol detox to help manage these withdrawal symptoms, making the process more bearable for the individual. The drug is typically started as soon as the individual has stopped drinking and after the management of acute alcohol withdrawal symptoms during the initial stages of detox. Its use is continued throughout the early stages of recovery, often for several months, to support abstinence and reduce the risk of relapse. This approach allows individuals to transition more smoothly from detox to other phases of alcohol rehab treatment, such as therapy and support groups, with a stronger foundation for long-term recovery.
How does Acamprosate work?
Chronic alcohol exposure greatly disrupts the chemical balance of the brain, in particular the levels of the neurotransmitters glutamate, which excites the brain and GABA, which calms it down. Chronic alcohol consumption leads to an imbalance – too much glutamate and not enough GABA – which causes the brain to become overly excited and leads to alcohol withdrawal symptoms and cravings.
Acamprosate works by restoring the balance between the brain’s excitatory and inhibitory signals. This action helps reduce the discomfort and cravings typically experienced during withdrawal and early recovery without causing sedation or creating a new dependency.
Crucially, Acamprosate does not directly stop the craving or withdrawal symptoms; it helps manage the brain’s reaction to the absence of alcohol. By dampening the brain’s overactivity and helping to stabilise mood and anxiety levels, Acamprosate makes it easier for individuals to focus on their recovery. Continuing Acamprosate for several months helps maintain the newly achieved chemical balance in the brain, reducing the risk of falling back into old drinking habits.
Who can Acamprosate benefit?
Acamprosate is particularly suited for those who have already stopped drinking and are experiencing or at risk of experiencing withdrawal symptoms and cravings. These include:
- Individuals in early recovery: Acamprosate is most effective for individuals who are in the early stages of alcohol recovery but who have already completed the acute phase of withdrawal. It is not usually effective for individuals who are still actively drinking or who use it as a stand-alone treatment without any additional support.
- People seeking long-term sobriety: For those committed to long-term sobriety, Acamprosate can help stabilise the brain’s chemical environment and reduce the likelihood of relapse.
- Individuals without kidney issues: Acamprosate is excreted through the kidneys, so it is safest for use in individuals without severe kidney impairment. Patients with kidney problems may require adjusted doses or might not be suitable candidates for this medication.
- Those looking for non-addictive treatment options: Acamprosate does not have addictive properties and does not cause sedation, making it an appealing option for those concerned about developing a new dependence or experiencing impairing side effects.
Call our admissions line 24 hours a day to get help.
Acamprosate side effects and precautions
While Acamprosate is generally well-tolerated and safe for most people, it can cause side effects, which users and their healthcare providers should be aware of. The most common Acamprosate side effects and potential dangers include:
- Gastrointestinal issues: Diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain are frequently reported. These side effects are generally mild and often resolve as the body adjusts to the medication.
- Psychiatric symptoms: Some individuals may experience mood changes, including anxiety, depression, insomnia and suicidal thoughts. It is crucial to monitor these symptoms closely, especially in individuals with a history of mental health disorders.
- Dizziness and fatigue: Reports of feeling dizzy or fatigued are not uncommon, which may affect an individual’s ability to drive or operate heavy machinery safely.
- Kidney function issues: As noted, the kidneys primarily excrete Acamprosate, so it requires caution and close monitoring in individuals with impaired kidney function.
Despite these side effects and precautions, the benefits of reducing alcohol cravings and supporting sobriety outweigh the potential risks for the majority of individuals. However, any concerns or side effects experienced while taking Acamprosate should be discussed with a healthcare provider to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the treatment.
Potential Acamprosate drug reactions
Interaction with alcohol
While Acamprosate is used to treat alcohol dependence, the interaction with alcohol itself is not known to produce adverse effects. However, consuming alcohol during treatment negates the purpose of the medication and can undermine recovery efforts.
Other medications
Acamprosate may interact with other drugs, especially those excreted by the kidneys. It is, therefore, important to inform healthcare providers about all medications being taken, including over-the-counter drugs and herbal supplements, to avoid potential interactions.
Get help for alcohol addiction today
If you or someone you know is struggling with alcohol dependence, it is crucial to seek help. Alcohol addiction is a complex condition, but recovery is possible with the right support and resources. Acamprosate can offer significant help in managing cravings, maintaining sobriety and helping to set the foundations for the next stages of alcohol addiction treatment.
Call our admissions line 24 hours a day to get help.
FAQ’s
No matter where you live, there is a drug rehab center that can help you overcome your addiction. We'll help you find it.
Select a County